South+Carolina

=__ ﻿ South Carolina __= By Mike Colores, Trevor Davis, and Connor McKenney

__Carolina__
Carolina's charter was signed in 1663 by King Charles II. The name 'Carolina' comes from the Latin word for Charles, 'Carolus.' Having a charter for the colony obviously meant that it was a charter colony. ** This charter was given to eight people: Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Albemarle, Lord Craven, Lord Berkeley, Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkeley, and Sir John Colleton. ** These eight men were specified because they 'helped the king regain his throne.' In the charter, King Charles stated **that Carolina was to be financed by them, and for them to profit by, and to rule, with the help or interference of such a local government as they might permit. This means that Carolina was for profit purposes.**

__Albemarle Point__

 * The first settlement in Carolina was known as Albemarle Point. This settlement was started by William Sayle in 1670. ** Albemarle Point was governed by a powerful council, a governor, and a relatively weak assembly. Half of the council was appointed by the proprietors, as was the governor. The assembly was elected by freemen. In 1680, ten years after it was formed, the settlement moved to Oyster Point, which was better suited for defensive purposes. This was right about when Carolina had its first economic boom.

__Prosperity__

 * A large amount of Carolina's wealth and prosperity came from its plantations, which were large farms owned by white males. ** These were worked by indentured servants and African and Native American slaves. Corn, livestock, and some cotton were grown, but tobacco was grown in masses, being the major cash crop of Carolina. Rice was introduced around 1680, and grew very well in the marshy tidewater area of Carolina, and quickly became the plantation staple for that area. The dense forests in Carolina yielded a large amount of valuable timber and naval stores, and the fur trade (especially Deer skin) was thriving. In the early to mid 1700's, Indigo was introduced to Carolina, and that became the colony's second plantation staple.

**__Religion__** Up until the beginning of the 1700's, many religious groups had practiced their faith undisturbed. In 1704, the Anglicans deprived other groups of their religious liberty, and it wasn't until the English government took action in 1706 that religious toleration resumed.



__South Carolina__
As you may have noticed, I have been saying 'Carolina', not North and South Carolina. From its founding in 1663, up until 1712, Carolina was simply Carolina. Then in 1712 due to unspecified reasons, Carolina split. At this time, both states were still considered charter colonies. In 1715-16, Native Americans attacked South Carolina over their exploitation by traders. South Carolina realized that their proprietors were not doing a good job protecting them, so they rebelled and requested royal governing. ** In 1729, South Carolina was named a Royal Colony. This meant that the King appointed a governor for South Carolina, and monitored the state's activity. Today, South Carolina's capital is Columbia. **

__﻿George Monck, First Duke of Albemarle__
George Monck was born in on December 6, 1608 in Devon, England. From 1629-1638, he fought with the Dutch against the Spanish in the Netherlands. He helped suppress the Irish Rebellion (1641-1643), serving as a colonel in Lord Leicester's regiment. During the English Civil War he fought for King Charles I. Monck was a general at sea in the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652), which ended in an English victory. After the war, Monck married Anne Radford, and a year later, in 1654, he became the governor of Scotland. In 1660 he was elected as a member of Parliament. From there he played an important roll in the Restoration, which put King Charles II on the throne. In return, King Charles II made him Duke of Albermarle, Earl of Torrington, Baron of Teyes, and more. ** Lastly, in 1663 he was named one of the eight Lords Proprietors given land in North America. This land became the Province of Carolina, and is now the states of North and South Carolina. The town of Moncks Corner, South Carolina, is named for him. **